FINAL RESEARCH PAPER

Being a gay migrant in Italy Today:

Ci chiami sporco negro e lesbica schifosa ma ti offendi se ti chiamano italiano mafioso - “You call us dirty nigger and disgusting lesbian. But  you’re offended if someone calls you an Italian mafioso.”

Introduction:
I am studying social justice issues of LGBT pupils of Italy. First, I will present the struggles and difficulties that the LGBT community experience and how their wellbeing is being affected. The Official Journal of the European Communities voices that everyone is equal before the law, Article 21 states:

Any discrimination based on any ground such as sex, race, colour, ethnic or social origin, genetic features, language, religion or belief, political or any other opinion, membership of a national minority, property, birth, disability, age or sexual orientation shall be prohibited.

However, one must question whether the reinforcement and regulation of this law only then will it ensure the equality of minority communities present in Italy. Second, I will discuss the role of the Italian church and the legal recognition of same-sex couples. Current social, political and institutional powers; Church and law, shape one’s outlook and provides perspective on the emotional struggles confronting migrant LGBT individuals in Italy today. Leading one to pose the questions: Why are hate crimes at a rise? What are the potential factors that could cause such effects? Why do pupils carry out hate crime attacks? Are schools a safety zone for LGBT youth to be? The research article, “La montagna e la catena – essere migrant omosessuali oggi in italia, by Arcigay interviewed recent homosexual migrants to Italy; the narratives help one understand what it is like to be gay and  an migrant today in Italy. A young man from Ecuador shared his coming out story, his migration to Italy, and the struggles encountered  throughout his journey by saying:

My coming out? A mountain. When I told my parents that I was gay [it] was like climbing [a mountain] with great difficulty, but in the process I learned to grow to be strong, to trust in myself. Then [I] came to a culmination point, such as the confrontation with my father, who followed the descent, during which begins to be accepted. It was not a single mountain but a mountain range, and each time I had to climb more, higher up on different mountains -One day my parents were, one day my sisters and another family of my parents ...yet another migration, and Italy. It is one thing to talk to parents but around them is not said that they accept it. They have both a family of friends. To this must be add to my family in Ecuador is a family of elite cultural [...]. This meant that my family are very concerned about what others will say [...]

This quote highlights the emotional, migration difficulty, and identity struggles of a young man. In this paper, I will argue that the role of the Italian church and the lack of legal recognition of same-sex couples today in Italy create negative messages and are partly responsible for the rise of hate-crime attacks. Moreover, I will discuss how a gay migrant in Italy today is impacted by social and  institutional powers.

Literature Review, Findings and Discussions:
Struggles , difficulties and wellbeing of LGBT community
The sources that I used to support my argument all bring unique perspectives to issues of homosexual and migrants to Italy. Each article provides the reader with perspective into current issues present today in Italy.  In February of 2011, a British magazine “The Observer” published a piece discussing struggles and “anger” of homosexuals; and it is having a profound impact. Tim Franks, the CEO of PACE; a London’s leading charity promoting the mental health and emotional wellbeing of the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community began his work with a systematic review of the National Institute for Mental Health. Leading him to state:

“lesbian and gay people [are] up to two-and-a-half times more likely to become alcohol or drug dependent, over two-and-a-half times more likely to suffer from anxiety or depression disorders. Gay men particularly were up to four times more likely to attempt suicide than their heterosexual counterparts.”

The report further identified potential reasons for such statistics in saying:

“It is likely that the social hostility, stigma and discriminations most LGBT people experience [are] at least likely to be a part of the reasons for the higher rates of psychological morbidity observed.”

This quote exemplifies the struggles and difficulties that the LGBT community experience and provides a possible target for its effects. Questions to consider are: 1) how can the LGBT community be experiencing social hostility, stigma and discrimination? Italian church? Government? 2)  are these forms of oppression?

the role of the Italian church and the legal recognition of same-sex couples

 “Some gay men [and women] grow up in cultures where they will be told in no uncertain terms that God hates them.” During childhood, Alan Downs, a psychologist; was led to believe that “he was going straight to hell for being gay.” That’s a very significant message to grow up with. Churches are particularly culpable, believes Tim Franks. In January 14, 2006 BBC NEWS published the article: Italians clash on gay ‘marriage’; where a senior judge celebrated “weddings” for 10 same-sex couples, in a ceremony of symbolic rather than legal value. This act provides us with a clear view of the rights protecting the wellbeing of the LBGT community. Furthermore, one can link such act as a reluctance and refusal to grant legal recognition and acknowledge pupils as equal citizens.

In protest, thousands of gay rights activists have demonstrated in Rome in support of same-sex unions; where banners read: “Let’s free love from religious phobia.” But, Reforms Minister Roberto Calderoli – a right-wing government said: “these demonstrators are really nauseating.” The people governing and leading this state into the 21^st century aren’t voicing the need for laws to provide protection to this community. Rather, it demonstrates a feeling of resentment, disgust, and willingness to do nothing. Equally, if not more impactful, is how Pope Benedict XVI dismissed gay marriage, by saying “a serious mistake to obfuscate the value and function of the legitimate family based on marriage by attributing legal recognition to other forms of legal union for which there is no real social demand.”  Both institutional powers present in Italy react to LGBT pupils as if they were second class citizens; disregarding their presence and needs. Could both; the church and government; which are powerful influential establishments be responsible for the presence and escalation of hate crimes?

Hate crimes on the rise what could cause such effect?

In October 9, 2009, a news article by guardian.co.uk outlined Italy’s intolerance of LGBT community, in Italy’s gay rights pledge as hate crimes rise. According to figures from the association Arcigay, there were eight gay-hate killings and 52 non-lethal attacks in Italy in the first nine months in 2009, compared with nine killings and 45 other attacks in 2008. What possible factors could have caused the increase of attacks? Aurelio Mancuso, Arcigay president, speculated that it could have been caused by factors like the election of a new pope. Why do you think that is?

A possible reason, shares Mancuso, is that: “those who seek to carry out these attacks feel legitimised by the attitude of the present government, which is not giving clear signs of respect.” Clearly, the government isn’t taking appropriate actions to prevent such attacks. Can part of the responsibility for such attacks be shared by the Church? Mancuso says: “Benedict is fighting a cultural battle against the rights of women and homosexuals.” The outlook of governing with the majority is looked at as ambivalent. Especially, when minority groups like women, immigrant, and gays are at most risk of being discriminated as they present “no real social demand,” as Pope Benedict XVI shares with us.

Such ideologies present us with incidences where men feel the right take part on such attacks. In Florence, a barman was savagely attacked after leaving a gay pub. The 26-year-old had concealed his sexual orientation from his family. In an effort to cover up what had happened, he resisted going to the hospital for almost 24 hours, despite having a broken jaw, nose and cheekbone.  The report also mentions that “a gay disco was set alight and two men were attacked after being seen kissing near the venue of Rome’s summer festival for gays and lesbians.” There is no safety and no rights for such minorities; even in designated safety zone for LGBT pupils. Hence, I pose the question: If the government nor the church take efforts to protect and voice out the needs of minority populations, then who takes on the responsibility to help educate tolerance; schools? 

Are schools a safe zone for LGBT youth?

Unfortunately, just as government and church, school are no exception. As Tim Franks states educational establishments don’t acquit themselves too well, either. Frank adds; “homophobic bullying in schools in this country is still [an] epidemic. It’s absolutely rife. Most British schools are not safe places to be gay.” If schools don’t take necessary actions to education tolerance for differences; and no safety is present for LGBT youth. Where is Italy heading in the 21^st century? Arcigay states that today there are still too many kids who are teased and harassed at school because of the fear of “being discovered” as homosexuals; they cannot freely express what they feel and what they think. What kind of education are children receiving when they constantly are in fear at their schools – which are supposed to be safe environments? Further, what kind of message are children receiving when they feel that they can’t voice out what they think.

Struggles of gay Immigrants Today in Italy
I have presented that the struggles of LGBT community and how institutional forces silence their voices.  Now, I will present how being a homosexual migrant today in Italy means that you have different rights and confront forms of oppression. Now, I will focus on presenting the points of view of gay migrant to Italy today. Arcigay, Italy’s national gay rights organization, issued a new report, “La Montagna e La Catena - Essere Migranti Omosessuali Oggi In Italia” (The Mountain and the Chain: Being Gay Immigrants in Today’s Italy). The 41-page report draws its conclusions mainly from interview conducted with gay and lesbian immigrant in Italy.

·   Struggles with coming out

The difficulty of coming out to one family is always a struggle within. Many ask themselves: what if they don’t love me anymore? Coming out presents a greater obstacle for youth, for they have the most to lose. If the family turns their back on their child and kicks them out, they must now fend for themselves. If you can’t trust your own family, then who can you rely on?
A young man from Ecuador shared his coming out story and his struggles with migrating to Italy saying:

My coming out? A mountain. When I told my parents that I was gay [it] was like climbing [a mountain] with great difficulty, but in the process I learned to grow to be strong, to trust in myself. Then [I] came to a culmination point, such as the confrontation with my father, who followed the descent, during which begins to be accepted. It was not a single mountain but a mountain range, and each time I had to climb more, higher up on different mountains -One day my parents were, one day my sisters and another family of my parents ...yet another migration, and Italy. It is one thing to talk to parents but around them is not said that they accept it. They have both a family of friends. To this must be add to my family in Ecuador is a family of elite cultural [...]. This meant that my family are very concerned about what others will say [...]

This quote exemplifies the struggle with coming out; and in the process discovering one’s identity. Further, it shows the emotional struggles within a family to be accepted. Being brought up with the mind-set that “God hates gays” is a very power and significant message to grow up with. How does this message from the past; kept alive in the present impact our future? A lesbian woman from Ukraine said:

My family of origin does not know that I'm lesbian, I think I'll tell him but I decided yet. The fact is that I live far away and they are already worried about this, and it important for me to let him know that I'm fine here and I feel better that if I lived in my town. (JUN, Ukraine)

This quote demonstrates the separation of family. The distance that is created; first, by the fear of being rejected, harmed, being alone, and second, being separated by land. Making this distance between families members grow.This quote exemplifies the role of the Church and its effects on its followers.

·   Gay migrant in  Italy

The report, Ci chiami sporco negro e lesbica schifosa ma ti offendi se ti chiamano italiano mafioso, captures the feelings of repondents well; in saying:

[although there was]a “double stigma” attached to being both foreign and gay in Italy, the former condition presented more problems because racial and ethnic difference is more difficult to hide than sexual identity.

For these immigrants, it’s easier to be gay in Italy than in their countries of origin.
An Iranian man told the Arcigay researchers, “I come from a country where I cannot exist…here at least I’m not afraid to live.” But a Peruvian, when asked which people had more difficulty accepting homosexuality, Italians or his co-nationals, replied, “The Italians,” because of “the Pope” and their purported greater adherence to Church teachings. “We Peruvians are Catholic, too,” he said. “But we understand. We understand.” Such narratives exemplify the struggles that immigrants are now facing in Italy. The separation of families, struggles with identity, the role of the Church. How are all of these factors and the government acting on the rights of gay immigrant to Italy? I fear, that this minority is even more oppressed; as they are a minority of a minority.

Methods:

To find information about my study; I relied mostly on the internet searches. Through the internet I was able to find most of the news articles that discussed the position of the government and the Church on gay rights. Through internet searches I began to understand that homosexual youth are not safe in schools. Also, by conducting interviews, an interviewee shared with me a magazine that discussed the struggles that the LBGT community faces today. Due to time constraints and because the sensitivity of my research project I was unable to interview people that were both gay and immigrants to Italy today. Nevertheless, I contacted my service learning mentor who shared with me a report on homosexual migrants in Italy today. The report interviews recent gay immigrants in Italy today; which provided me with the necessary perspective to understand where they are coming from. I also followed some leads about a gay bar in Trastevere and a bookstore; however after researching I discovered that they went out of business.

Conclusions:

Italian Activists Confront Racism and Homophobia state: “Bigots, whether as individuals or as political actors, tend to hate immigrants and queers.”Sexual minorities are seen as an internal menace, a moral infection that undermines “traditional” values and social structures. The role of the Italian church and the lack of legal recognition of same-sex couples reinforce this statement.

The term “razzismo” is often used in Italy to describe not only racial prejudice but other kinds of bigotry and discrimination – against gays, women, Sicilians and other southern Italians. More specific terminology, like “omofobico” (homophobic) and “sessista” (sexist) may be used, but in my experience, far less often than “razzista.

This quote exemplifies undelying tensions that exist in Italy’s community today. Further, Associazione Ricreativa e Culturale Italiana (ARCI) press release stated:

Racism, and the many ways in which it is manifested, represent a danger not only for those who experience its consequences, but also for democracy, because only by defending the rights of all is it possbile to guarantee the rights of everyone.

One cannot dismiss the rise of hate crime attacks that homosexuals are experiencing. Neither can the Italian church nor the government can no longer not take responsibility for such happenings. Being raised with the idea that “you will go to hell” and that “God hates you” is a very significant message to grow up with. Further, not having separation of “church and state” provides individuals with the power to oprress minorities. Such minorities are in real danger of being dismiss and unrecognized, as stated byPope Benedict XVI:  [such minorities] present no real social demand.  If gay Italians have little to no rights; then, gay migrants to Italy today are the minority of the minority. Where they are most likely to fall between the cracks of politics and they are in danger of not being heard nor acknowledged.

Bibliography:

1.      Italians Clash on Gay 'marriage' BBC NEWS, 14 Jan. 2006. Web. 24 Feb. 2011. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/europe/4612802.stm>.

2.      Hooper, John. "Italy's rights pledge as hate crimes rise| World News | The Observer." Latest News, Comment and Reviews from the Guardian | Guardian.co.uk. 9 Oct. 2009. Web. 05 Mar. 2011. <http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/sep/07/italy.gayrights>.

3.      Flynn, Paul. "Pride and Prejudice." The Observer 2 Nov. 2011: 28-37. Print.

4.      Pozzoli, Laura. "-LA MONTAGNA E LA CATENA - ESSERE MIGRANTI OMOSESSUALI OGGI IN ITALIA." -LA MONTAGNA E LA CATENA - ESSERE MIGRANTI OMOSESSUALI OGGI IN ITALIA (2009): 1-41. Web. <http://migra.arcigay.it/sites/migra.arcigay.it/files/Definitivo%20-%20report%20completo%20marzo%2009.pdf>.

5.      Arcigay. "Tesseramento." Arcigay. Web. 07 Mar. 2011. <http://www.arcigay.it/tesseramento>.

6.      "Italian Activists Confront Racism and Homophobia." 10 July 2009. Web. 24 Feb. 2011. <http://crossmode.it/2009/06/25/ci-chiami-sporco-negro-e-lesbica-schifosa-ma-ti-offendi-se-ti-chiamano-italiano-mafioso/>.

Arcigay Reflection

During the past 10ish or so weeks I have been volunteering at Arcigay. A non-profit organization dedicated to protecting and regulating rights of the LGBT community in Rome. Since it was founded in 1985, Arcigay combats prejudice and discrimination against homosexuals today in today’s society. At schools children are still being harasses and same sex couples have no rights – they are not recognized by law. Arcigay is working change this issues. Therefore:

·         Provide support through telephone help lines, group help and counseling

·         Make sexual orientation workshops for secondary school teachers

·         Provides legal assistance to those who suffer discrimination

·         Fight for the rights and recognition of same-sex couples and combat discrimination

·         Strives to fight HIV/AIDS, in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and the Institute of Health

·         Promotes the integration and visibility of gay people in society and participate in Gay Pride parade

·         Carries out projects at European level in the context of International Lesbian & Gay Association (ILGA), against discrimination, to promote physical and mental health of young gay men, HIV/AIDS, to combat homophobia and bullying in schools

These are the main activities that Arcigay engages on to ensure the rights of homosexuals in Italy today.

My initial impressions of the site have morphed. Initially, I would bring my frames of reference from back home as a point of reference to attempt to understand the situation of homosexual s in Italy today. However, once I began to integrate – get to know the situation and struggles of homosexuals in Italy I discovered that the “gay scene” is different. Back home, Seattle, the LGBT community has somewhat of a safety zone with Capitol Hill. That is no to say that still today there are attacks of hate crimes. However, at least during day light one has a sense of security. Transitioning back to Italy, I soon discovered that Italy is not so tolerant of differences – sexual or other. As I became knowledgeable about homosexuals situation in Italy, I myself felt uncomfortable walking down the streets. Both, in the US and in Italy, I still walk along the streets with the fear that a stranger will bring it on himself/herself to find a reason to mistreat me. It is important to note, that there could be similar and different factors that could drive people to act in such manner. For example, the presence of the Church in Italy carries a big weight; when organizations like Arcigay fight for equality. My frames of reference have shifted to better understand the situation of homosexuals in Italy today.

I have grown as a person and as a gay man; while being a participant in Arcigay. It has reinforced the idea that one can be gay and be an engineer… or a doctor, a teacher. One can be oneself. I would have like to be more engaged in Arcigay’s participation with schools. I would like to know how they are connecting with schools and teaching teachers with sexual orientation workshops. Do they also conduct workshop to help teachers identify and successfully prevent bullying in schools? How accepting are schools of such efforts. I also would have like to have been a participant of their group discussions. Even if it was just to observe and listen and somewhat understand. However, I do realize that my curiosity and willing to be actively involved and learn more about the organization is limited by time. This is because Arcigay is operated by volunteers. What a way to pay it forward and make a change.

Trastevere is Rome.

Trastevere is Rome. Words can’t describe the complexity and richness of this rione, maybe the most popular and lively of the eternal city. Trastevere has two faces: calm, relaxing and characteristic during the day, chaotic and fun-loving at night. Its churches, its medieval narrow streets and its nightlife represent a summa of the essence of Rome.

My partner, Natalie, and I Spent time in Trastevere, exploring the city during day and night, talking with locals and visitors has allowed me to get to know this area. It is a beautiful, historically rich, and a lively place to just walk around; and it’s very pleasing to the eye.

The economy in Trastevere is largely based on tourism. The shops, restaurants, bars, famous gelaterias that line the streets of Trastevere attract both locals and tourists. After exploring the area and getting to know the people, we realized that many immigrants work in Trastevere but do not reside in Trastevere. The workers shared this with us; they mentioned that they cannot afford the cost expenses of living in Trastevere; because it has become a very touristic area and hence the rise in expenses.

Trastevere is the XIII rione of Rome, located on the west bank of the Tiber, and south of Vatican City. Trastevere translates literally “beyond the Tiber.” Trastevere is signified by a coat of arms of a golden lion’s head with a red background. This area of Rome was originally built to be a city port where storehouses held goods at the time of Augustus and has now developed into a very desirable quarter. Originally, the area was inhabited in early 500BC by fishermen and immigrants, however nowadays the area is inhabited by trasteveri pupils. Nowadays, Trastevere maintains its character because of its preservation of its narrow cobbled streets lined by medieval houses. At night, both natives and tourists alike roam through its many pubs and restaurants. Within Trastevere John Cabot University, the American Academy in Rome, and the Rome campus of the Thomas More College of Liberal Arts, the Canadian University of Waterloo School of Architecture, and the American Pratt Institute School of Architecture reside therefore serving as a home to an international student body.  The inhabitants of Trastevere, called Trasteverini, developed a culture of their own. They believe to be the only true Romans left in Rome today.

Exploring the cobbled streets and hidden alleys on Rome’s left bank. The medieval church of Santa Maria in Trastevere is one of the oldest and most charming basilicas in Rome. The beautiful church of Santa Maria in Trastevere, probably the first church dedicated to the Virgin Mary. It's facade is all glittering with ancient mosaics. The heart of the district is Piazza di Santa Maria in Trasteverewith its lovely church, a 17th century palazzo and a fountain in the middle which is probably Rome's oldest, having been designed by architects such as Bernini, Fontana and Della Porta. There are still some well-conserved medieval houses. In the Middle Ages Trastevere had narrow, winding, irregular streets; moreover, because of the structures of the front buildings there was no space for carriages to pass. To allow passages the structures of the buildings were modified. Trastevere remained a maze of narrow streets.

Piazza di Santa Maria, located just outside of Basilica di Santa Maria, if crowded during the evening; it serves as a gathering place for nightlife folks in Trastevere. In the center of the piazza is a fountain; constructed in 1892 and designed by Carol Fontana. The fountain was originally constructed with travertine, but was resconstructed with marble. The Piazza di Santa Maria serves as a great place to observe, meet, and converse with native Tastreveri.

Another beautiful place within Trastevere is the Janiculum Hill, one of the few sites in Rome where one can observe a great view of the ancient city. From the peak of the hill; one can make count out the domes, marking the churches, in Rome. The hill is the second tallest hill in Rome; but is not one of the seven original hills of Rome. It was outside of the boundaring of the city that was Rome during antiquity. The Janiculum Hill, remains a place of worship and is home to the Church of San Pietro Monotorio. This is where Saint Peter is believed to have been crucified.

Trastevere is filled with richness everywhere you turn to observe. An open air market located in a square just north of the Piazza di Santa Maria resides in Trastevere. It is very similar to the one in Campo di Fiori; but with one added advantage. It is significantly cheaper. In this market, one can enjoy fresh fruits, vegetables, candies, cheeses, meats, pastas etc. It is a fun and alive place to browse through and find a snack or shop for groceries.

Trastevere also houses Villa Farnesina (northern end of Tratevere): a magnificent suburban residence built in the 16th century for Agostino Chigi, the banker of the popes. The Villa houses paintings by Raphael, Peruzzi and other important artists of the Italian Renaissance.On Sunday mornings, you can visit the 7th Corte dei Vigili in Via dei Salumi, and if you enter the guards' rooms, you will see grafitti on the walls written by Roman soldiers who served the emperors from Septimus Severus to Caracalla, in addition to notations of their guard duty.

It is also important to mention that Tiber Island is is located in the middle of the Tiber River (Il Fiume Tevere) that separates Central Rome and Trastevere. It boasts both a major hospital, called Fatebenefratelli, and a small synagogue that was secretly used in the Second World War when Rome's main synagogue nearby was closed down.

An interesting point of Tratevere, is that it home of the Botanical Gardens. They were established in 1883; housing 3500 various species of plants. It as well as all of Trastevere’s splendors attract tourist. They are truly beautiful and breathe taking. It also, has a “scent-and-touch” garden for those that are visually impaired.

After exploring this beautiful; city within a city, the borders of Trastevere became apparent. It is an area that is inhabited by native pupils who have resided in the area for generations. Immigrants do visit Trastevere; however, they only work and enjoy its beauty – they do not reside. One of the main reasons for such happening is that Trastevere has become a very expensive place to reside in. Further, it seems like the inhabitants have created a sense of community. Locals distinguish themselves from other regions of Rome. They believe that they are the only true Romans remaining in Rome. They call themselves trasteveri. Hence, I can say that they have created a city within a larger city. But, still is welcoming of others.

Residing near Trastevere and being one of the tourists attracted to the area. I find that it is a very beautiful place in Rome. It is quiet and peaceful in the daytime and noisy and party at night. I’d like to conclude with what a local shared with me. Students residing in Trastevere for 3ish months will not be fully integrated into our community. Hence, they hardly influence our community with their perspectives and ideas. This could be a possible reason why Trastevere; is still known for being a city within a city; where “true Romans” reside.

Asst. # 7 Italian Identity Shaped by our Experiences

Who is an Italian? What makes an Italian… a true Italian? How is insider or outsider status determined? At the beginning of the program we were presented with similar questions. A brief summary of my response is that: the role of an individual, depending on one’s ‘race’ and gender and within one’s cultural and ethnic settings helps to establish ones’ personal and social identity and so one has inherent common characteristics. To capture the definition of identity; one must explore the differences, similarities and links between ethnicity, ‘race’, culture and gender. Nowadays after being in Italy for a couple of weeks; I realize that Italians identity is defined by blood. After reflecting to guest lectures I have come to the conclusion that a “true Italian” - an individuals with family roots embedded in Europe; excluding others from ever reaching such status and security.

I have learned that there is really only one way to be considered Italian – and that is through blood. It doesn’t matter how well you speak the language, how much you know about the culture, customs, foods, traditions. The only thing that matters is family history. However, what I wonder is why is there such a push for immigrants to be integrated into the Italian community? What part/s of their mother identity must they leave behind? What true Italian characteristics must they conform to be considered Italian? Further, if an immigrant does meet such conditions; will he/she ever be treated like an equal? What kind of internal struggles will he/she go through in order to be seen as an equal? We have focused our frames of reference with the question: who is an Italian? After traveling and exploring my surroundings – I believe that identity is shaped by the individual. Through class readings and class discussions we learned about the North and the South divide and the struggles that they face. We learned that the North and the South identify differently and it is the root of the issues being faced nowadays. So for a newcomer into this already struggling culture there are many walls that separate Italians from the others (newcomers).

First, not being an Italian by blood is already a step away from being treated as an equal. There are many other factors that determine how tolerant true Italians can be towards newcomers. The way you dress, mother tongue, male or female, religious views, sexual identity, color of skin are all linked interplaying factors that determine how you will be viewed. What is dangerous about this mentality of identity equals treatment is how humans will be oppressed depending on characteristics. The people that are at danger of being oppressed are those that have more than one visible characteristic. I would argue that such individual experience compound oppression because you become a visible target.

Italian youth are being raised with such ideals. An Italian immigrant will always be an immigrant; even though they are documented law abiding citizens. I keep hearing people’s frustrations when they are asked if they are Italians. Or people placing you in a box based on physical appearances. Youth is part of the past, the present, and the future. Italian youth is shaped with Italian ideals of the past, the present, and their willingness to change in the future.

Graffiti Drawing Reflection

My drawing reflects the instances that have shaped my perspective on life. Being called a “faggot” and hearing that such hatred has driven others to take away their lives, saddens me. As Stephanie drew on her art piece – “color my face like yours.” Color my face like yours; and allow yours to be colored like mine. This way we will both have a better idea of where we are coming from. Words are very powerful – they can brighten your day and bring a smile to your face; but they can also make you feel like wanting to take your life away to not see or feel another day. LOVE/HOPE/ LIVE

IT GETS BETTER – or so I keep telling myself.

Reflections on Readings

 “RETURN”

“I went over to the sugarcane juice seller and immediately ordered a glass of fresh-squeezed. I fervently took a sip, the first in twenty years. Its taste, its fragrance took me back in time, to that distant day when I left Phnom-Penh. …”  This quote is filled with memories – the past, the present, and the future. What is a part of your past, will always be part of your present, and your future. If you don’t deal with your past; it will find a way to sneak into your present and will become your future. This story showed me the importance of remembering the past, preserving the present, and looking forward to the future. Such themes – past, present, and future, have been discussed in class; in terms of the position of Italy. Italy is definitely filled with monuments that help people remember the past and become part of their present. However, Italy is also not looking forward to the future. Instead, Italy shows its back to the future and its face to the past. Current issues of immigration, education, and work are topics that have been discussed in class.

 “Give me Back My Coat”

“A big shot, one of those accustomed to spending money,” you said. But then, before leaving, damn coward that you are, you had taken my coat and from the coat rack and you had gotten into your car. I have never been able to make sense of this act. I had offered you my glass of wine, I had given you my friendship, we had even toasted together to my saddest day. Did you want to see me even more in the dumps? What were you waiting for? Did you want to see me even more in the dumps? What were you waiting for? Did I have to die in order to satisfy you?“  This demonstrates a crucial moment in which the main character went through – causing him to change from being obsessed with committing suicide to being obsessed with obtain his coat back.  He is struggling to continue with life. I cannot connect so much with this character; nor do I understand where he may be coming from to desire to take his life. I can only come to the conclusion that he is at odds with life because of the life he currently lives in now. If I place myself in his shoes, I wouldn’t know what to do if I were to be fired and out of work. Economic distress and no hope for another job is pretty scary. Being jobless with no glimpse of chance in front of the road is like being in a slow and painful death.  The events that this character goes through can reflect the difficulties of current Italian population. As we learned in class, jobs are readily available and there is little to no future with education – so what is left to do? Find an excuse to continue living – even if it is as silly as getting a coat back. The desire to live is very powerful; but the will to not want to live is dangerous.

 “Light Beers and Peanuts”

“One thing which I was never able to get use to was being continuously stare at/. Since I had a very typical Indian appearance, I thought that I could have just melted into the crowd and so I dedicated myself ot an intense introspection in order to understand the reasons why people stared at me with such insistence. Right when I was beginning to have a clearer perception about my identity, it dawned on me: obviously I was a creature who caused stupor and embarrassment, and enigmatic confusion between the Orient and the Occident. I had some Indian characteristics and my behavior was typically foreign; I was Indian but at the same time I wasn’t. I was foreign but not entirely. I had no choice but to learn to live with those curious glances or to mitigate my occidental characteristics: I opted for the first solution because I didn’t want to give up being myself.” This exemplifies the struggles that immigrants go through in attempting to define their identity. Being bi-cultural and being raced with both the occidental and oriental notions make it a bit harder to self-identify. I, myself, can say that I am neither Mexican nor American; but a combination of the two. I cannot fit into one or the other box. I believe that in this quote she is demonstrating her frustration and anger in attempting to “fit” in box that others place her in. Instead she should be molding her own box, formulating, defining and re-defining her identity. I believe that she is attempting to be herself; even though it means being starred at and treated differently. In class, we have that immigrants go through many struggles when they move to another country. How hard it is to find a job. To be treated well.  To get permiso de soggiorno? However, we barely touched upon issues of identity and the internal struggles that many immigrants must go through in order to keep rolling with the punches. It’s like a fist in the face; that knocks one out of place. That is being visible- a target and being treated differently because of it.

“The B-Line”

“Far from the forest, the lion cannot roar like it used to. The words I left behind were long arms with which I could touch the horizon.” I interpret this line to mean that when attempting to immerse oneself in another culture – many words, feelings, actions get lost in translation. With that I mean that even if there is a translation for a word – it will never hold the same weight in meaning. It will always lack that something that your mother culture has provided you with. I believe that when one attempts to immerse oneself in another culture; we end up compromising. Inevitably, whether we want it or not, we will soon begin to leave some of our mother culture behind. We will find a way to preserve it; but it will never be the same. Ones thoughts, person and identity will always be colored differently. I believe that this shows the instances that many immigrants must go through to adapt to another culture, as we have discussed in class.

“THE BEGGAR”

 “Little by little, the box was filled with other gifts: SOUL (very nine-teenth century!) DREAMS (he had had his fill!), RAGE (it was not poetic!), MOON (too explored), MOTHER (what else could you say about her?), HOPE (was eternal?), DEATH (it would end up in the refrigerator!), SPRING (again?).” I feel that these words describe a bit, a piece of a person that has been lost or that he/she is attempting to search for. He begins with the soul and dreams and ends with hope, death, and spring. To me this demonstrates a unique way of capturing the events of life – of a person. And the rebirth that come with it. Or maybe, this exemplifies confusion. The character is in search for a word that he himself does not possess – and neither do others. He is unsatisfied with what people’s offerings. A way one can connect this is with dual or multi-cultural individuals. Confusion in attempting to define their identity is present.

Trastevere Rione

Trastevere is the XIII rione of Rome, located on the west bank of the Tiber, and south of Vatican City. Trastevere translates literally “beyond the Tiber.” Its logo is a golden head of a lion on a red background, the meaning of which is uncertain.  In the Middle Ages Trastevere had narrow, winding, irregular streets; moreover, because of the structures of the front buildings there was no space for carriages to pass. To allow passages the structures of the buildings were modified. However, Trastevere remained a maze of narrow streets. The inhabitants of Trastevere, called Trasteverini, developed a culture of their own. Nowadays, Trastevere maintains its character because of its preservation of its narrow cobbled streets lined by medieval houses. At night, both natives and tourists alike roam through its many pubs and restaurants. Within Trastevere John Cabot University, the American Academy in Rome, and the Rome campus of the Thomas More College of Liberal Arts, the Canadian University of Waterloo School of Architecture, and the American Pratt Institute School of Architecture reside therefore serving as a home to an international student body.  The unique character of this neighborhood has attracted artist, foreign expats, and may famous people.

Being a ten minute walk away from Trastevere and enjoying the beauty both at sunset and at midnight I can see why its attracts tourists to the area. Walking alongside the Tiber river; or just stopping for a moment to enjoy its beauty a sense of serenity and happiness sets in. Trastevere is known for its unconnected roads and maze like structure; being a victim of its maze I can say that I was overwhelmed and a bit frustrated. Nevertheless, its maze like structure and its architecture is something that I appreciate. I remind myself at times to stop and look around to take in the beauty of my surroundings. Trastevere is a great place to become and explore, get lost and find your way back.

The beauty and the character that Trastevere is known for with was confirmed both by a resident and a non-resident whom my partner Natalie and I had the pleasure of interviewing. We decided to enter Bar de Malva, we interviewed one of the workers in the bar who was a non-resident of Trastevere, Sujoy. What a great name, Sujoy. He shared with us that he was born in Rome, grew up in Conneticut, and moved back to Rome upon graduating college. He stated that the only time he is in Trastevere is for work. He shared with us that he had only been in Rome for the past two weeks and finds the prices in Trastevere to be expensive. We learned from him that Trastevere had not become such a popular and expensive place until about ten years ago. He mentioned that the area of Trastevere had become so popular because of its view to the river and the historic medieval structures of the buildings that fill the streets. After, interviewing Sujoy, we interviews Pierre, a resident of Trastevere for generations.  

Pierre provided much information about Trastevere that I would have not known otherwise. He shared with us his personal view when we asked “What makes Trastevere unique?” he answered “The quiet day and busy night time.” Pierre shared with us that Trastevere becomes alive at night filled with natives and tourists attracted by the pubs and restaurants. We also asked Pierre, “Is Trastevere considered a diverse neighborhood?” Pierre replied that he considered Trastevere to be an extremely diverse neighborhood. A bit bedazzled by his response we asked him what he meant by diverse. He utilized the word diverse to explain that Trastevere is a unique place separated from the rest of the rione. It has been occupied by generations of family members; people have created a culture and take pride in calling themselves trasteverini. When asked if Trastevere was diverse in terms of people; he responded with a simple no. He said, no because it is a very expensive place where not everyone can afford. I appreciated his honesty and for clarifying what he meant by diverse. Pierre also informed us that even though five universities reside within Trastevere, students only stay for a couple of months and don’t have integrated within the community. Hence, change is little if any at all.

Having the opportunity to interview both Sujoy and Pierre was a very enlightening experience. Trastevere is a unique rione inhabited by generations of trasteverini. I look forward to learning more about the area; being curious and exploring it, getting lost, and finding my way back.

1st Reflection on Reading Assignment

“Introduction” (11-27) and “Salvation” (65-75) from Multicultural Literature

“A migrant leaves three mothers: the biological mother, the mother land, and the mother tongue.”

I feel that this quote captures the experience and struggles that an immigrant goes through. My family immigrated to the United States as farm workers, and settled in Wapato, a small town in Washington State. The first couple of months my parents, my three siblings, and I slept on the floor huddled together against the cold of winter. My brother and I, ages fourteen and seven, quickly learned responsibility. We cared for our infant niece, completed the household chores, cooked, and still need to finish our studying before our parents returned from long, tiring days at work. When I was ten, I experienced first-hand how demanding it is to work in the agricultural industry. I can only relate to the struggles and frustrations that immigrants in Italy must feel.  Having to integrate in a new home and surrounding and environment can be frustrating. I agree with the text that the in order to become more knowledgeable about immigration one must become familiar with literature that discuss such topics. What I found surprising is the reaction of the main character in the chapter of “Salvation” where he adapts the same attitude as locals in Italy. That is, he/she shifts the blame of all the current issues that Italy is facing on immigrants. What I find most shocking from this response is that in his desperate need to be integrated with society he has begun to treat immigrants as “others.” He is an immigrant himself, he went/is going through such struggles of being an immigrant. What I am curious is what drove him to such state? What is causing him to think this way? Was it society? Being away from the three mothers?

Assignment 5: Naples or Rome

For me, our trip to Naples was nothing far from the unknown. As I heard scholars distinguishing Neapolitans, the South, as the “Others” from the better North - the more it reminded me of home. For the first few years I lived both in Mascota, Jalisco Mexico (1988) and in Wapato, Washington (1994) my home was surrounded by trash, violence, drug dealings. Though there is a vital difference between Naples and my homes. As Alex Valentino informed us: “No laws work in Napoli” in contrast with home laws have been enforced to clean up my surroundings. Naples is known as a city of crime and violence; it is no longer a myth. But, if we were to broaden our view we would see that it at boils down to probability. It is more likely, it more probable, it happens more in Naples. However, if we are to momentarily take ourselves back into Seattle, which is where most of us reside. We would say that the U-district is no different from Naples. U-district like Naples is decorated by graffiti – a marker of culture and history and a slight pinch of personality. As students we hear that an armed robbery occurred, sometime in the middles of a day; or that a girl’s purse was taken by force by an approaching black SUV, or a guy was shoved into the bushes in the Burk Gilman trail and was robbed of his possessions. I am fortunate to say that in all of my 4 years living in Seattle this has not happened to me. But, because it hasn’t happened to me I cannot dismiss the fact that it has happened to fellow students. This idea of probability can also be extended and be made applied to North Italy; where it is still likely that you will be robbed of your possessions. So, I ask, is Naples really that different from Rome, U-district?

That is not to dismiss the fact that when I traveled to Rome; I feared to be ripped of my valuable possessions. Having everything in order establishes a routine in my daily tasks which makes it easier to be away from home. My first impressions of Rome were that it was a vibrant and beautiful city – filled with the richness and livelihood of the people which inhabit it. I was amazed by the architecture and the stone figures. The old buildings provided me with a sense of tranquility and amazement. I was excited to get out and get to know the city. I experienced similar emotions in Naples. I was excited to step out of the readings and actually experience Naples and see for myself what all the talk was about. As we began our journey to our hostile, I was amazed by how short of a justice the readings had one on Naples. It had fallen short. My expectations of Napoli were met if not surpassed. I was in a midst of a mix of cultures and people. Walking along the streets you can feel the difference; a sense of unity of pride for their city. I broad day light you can observe how busy and unique the city is. A crowd of people is attempting to cross the street as a bigger jam of cars is attempting to reach their destination. Being on the pedestrian perspective, I found this very amusing. I sense of relaxation came over me. It was suddenly ok to be me – an outsider (an immigrant).

Another distinction that we learned is the importance of the Catholic Church in both environments. Our readings from the past week and our guides made me reflect on this. While in Naples’ Alex Valentino kept mentioning that this church is not as important, nor is that one, but this one (not necessarily the tallest or most beautiful one – from my perspective). However, in Rome we discovered that laws that don’t allow any building to be as tall or visible as the Vatican. This creates the idea that the Catholic Church is in power and oversees all other religions. Every morning Romans are reminded of what and to whom they must turn their heads up to. This is not the case with Napoli. Hence, in my perspective, while Naples is known to have issues of trash on the streets, crime and violence; and Rome somewhat has these issues too but both lack enforcement of law.  Naples law of trash, to prevent violence and crime experienced by outsiders doesn’t work. Where the laws of Rome segregate and separate people in some ways. That is the case with Romas. Rome has acted and enforced laws to make sure that what they (politicians) think Roma community need; they shall have. Creating another set of debacle; giving rise to the current issue of human rights and questions whether current actions are benefiting Roma. However, while our experience in the Roma camp in Napoli was short we observed that the Roma community is left to survive on its own. I don’t necessarily agree with either action or lack of action. But, I do feel that being transferred to the outskirts of town into what resembles an encampment of WWII is not a good direction. As we learned by guest lecturers such acts dehumanize and allow inhabitants of Rome to treat Romans as such. So I ask, if you were an immigrant, where would you prefer to live – in Rome or Naples?

Further, it is important to consider the similarities and differences between Seattle, Mexico, Rome and Naples. It is vital to consider the global, natural, and local policies/institutions that have shaped the current conditions of each place. It is important to understand the links or lack thereof to shape our understanding of each place. For example, I’ve constantly hear that the political government in Naples and in Rome is somewhat corrupt institutions. When comparing Mexico to Naples and Rome; through conversations and observations I know that the institutions in Mexico are just as corrupt. So, what can one as an individual do to institute change in places like Mexico, Naples, and Rome? Why is this change really necessary? Who is reluctant to change and why? And what implications can change cause? What future struggles or unintended consequences can change result in? One must keep in mind that even though I am comparing the similarities and differences of these places; it is important to also consider the contradictions. For example, we need to pay close attention to each places past, present and where each country sees itself in the future. What does each country consider important in the 21^st century? More importantly, what actions is each place undertaking to ensure that they arrive to their intended goals of the future? Another question to consider is: How accepting is each place of change and outside influence? All of these questions and more need to be considered when making comparisons of these places.

Italy and the United States - Are they really that different?

The United States does not have an official national language policy defining specific language policies and practices for schools. Many states have passed language policy legislation that mandates the use of English over other languages.  Language policy in here is explicit government language planning. The definition of language planning offered by Ricento captures this state of affairs well: “deliberate efforts to influence the behaviour of others with respect to the acquisition, structure, and functional allocations of their language codes” (2007:292). This raises the question: who plans what for whom and why? One can argue that not having an official language policy can be detrimental and harmful especially when taking into consideration immigrant youth whose mother tongue is that other than English. As we discussed in lecture, many states have passed only-English speaking laws.  So the question: who plans what for whom and why?  becomes of crucial when studying social justice rights for all.  Unlike the United States, Italy has recently - about 20 years ago, made Italian the official national language. So I ask again: who plans what for whom and why? Who benefits and who doesn’t? How does this affect citizens and immigrant youth? What other policies have taken into effect that question/target the education of both citizens of Italy and immigrant youth.

My family immigrated to the United States as farm workers, and settled in Wapato, a small town in Washington State. The first couple of months my parents, my three siblings, and I slept on the floor huddled together against the cold of winter. My brother and I, ages fourteen and seven, quickly learned responsibility.  We cared for our infant niece, completed the household chores, cooked, and still need to finish our studying before our parents returned from long, tiring days at work. When I was ten, I experienced first-hand how demanding it is to work in the agricultural industry. I was lucky to go to attend college, my siblings on the other hand weren’t so lucky. My parents didn’t have any form of education because they were required to help out around the home. I was fortunate to have stumbled across people in high school that spoke to me about college and helped me apply. Therefore, I can relate to the struggles that Italian immigrants are going through.

As I look back at my experiences and compare them to struggles of immigrant youth in Italy; I believe that we are facing the same problem manifested in a different form and influenced by different factors. In terms of education, the doors that are open for immigrant youth are hidden if not blocked by current laws that are taking into effect. From guest lectures, I learned that pursuing education for Italian citizens is a hard and obtaining/securing a job is next to impossible. And, if that is the case for Italian citizens, then I can only wonder how much harder it is for immigrants to have equal rights of attending a public school? College? A job? Benefits?

That is not say, that all schools back home and in Italy face the same struggles – in terms of funding, qualified teachers, resources etc. When we visited schools – I was really surprised to hear that the community, teachers and parents are volunteering their time to create a sense of home within the school. People of various cultures, backgrounds, languages are coming together and are lending a helping hand to one another. This strong sense of community keeps their children in school and out of trouble; making this environment one to admire, look up to and serves as a role model for other schools. However, I ask myself: how many schools are like this one? Will Italy pass laws that will force this community to disintegrate?  

Doors that are closed are imposed by others that fear that they will lose their power. Hence, when considering citizens and immigrants of any country; which of the two groups are at risk to not obtain an education?  Equal rights? A job? Benefits? To answer these questions it is important to also consider the question: who plans what for whom and why? I believe that the United States facing similar struggles as Italy. So I ask: what makes the struggles of immigrants back in the United States not as visible as what Italian immigrants are facing?

Assignment # 3: Piazza Victtorio Interviews

Gina and I decided to walk around Piazza Victtorio, as we explored our surroundings we thought of the best ways to approach people that would encourage discussions about their perspective on immigration. We considered purchasing a product and somehow transition into our interview.  We interviewed five individuals.  I will talk about four out of five interviews in Piazza Victtorio and will incorporate the perspective of another person who I had the pleasure of meeting at St. Paul’s.

The first person, an Italian vender owner woman around her forties, was the first we managed to speak to. I believe she was offended by our questions, she was under the impression that we thought she was an immigrant. She expressed that rules (immigration) needed to be regulated and followed and immigrants should abide by them. After a few questions, she asked us to leave because she had other customers to attend to. Her being offended by her impression that we thought she was an immigrant demonstrates that she doesn’t have positive views on immigration. However, what I found interesting is that she was working with immigrants and was surrounded by other immigrant vendor owners. Residues of the elder Italians perspective on immigration were embodied on a seventeen year old girl’s outlook on immigrants – the second person being interviewed. She was very well dressed and spoke Italian and a little bit of English. She talked about Piazza Vicottorio and expressed that lots of immigrants are there; some work and others don’t while others steal. She was definitely more open about her opinions about immigration than the older Italian woman. She also shared her stories in school – she mentioned that she has class with them and associates with them but they are not friends. I see a progression in feelings towards immigrants between both of these women. The seventeen year old acknowledges the presence of immigrants; but still will not form any form of relationship with them. As was discussed in lecture, many real Italians hold negative stereotypes towards immigrants. While some may consider this a progression, I would argue that it is not enough and we as agents of change should not allow ourselves to become comfortable with this change in perspective. On the other hand, we should keep encouraging – by making newer generations aware that this sort of perspective and treatment is not acceptable.

The third person that we interviewed was second generation Filipino – a twenty year old male who left home and school at the age of seventeen to begin to work.  His parents immigrated here and experienced the struggles with language and work. He has obtained his citizenship because he has demonstrated that he has stable work and a residence. He was born in Italy and as G2 members identified more with being Italian; he himself identified with being Italian. What I found very interesting was that he had a community where he can speak his mother tongues, celebrate traditions and customs. There is a sense of security and safety. This niche and sense of feeling secure was shared by an Ecuadorian immigrant. She is thirty-two years old woman who came to Italy to be employed as a domestic worker.  She lives with her mother and has also obtained her citizenship.  I asked if she would see herself forming a family in Italy or going back home.  She explained that she would rather stay here, in Italy, because of the medical benefits in Italy to those back in Ecuador. The person that I interviewed at St. Paul’s had a contradictory view. She explained that she left her two year old daughter back home with her parents to come to Italy. She sees not future for her daughter in Italy because of the institutionalized laws; which only segregate and make it difficult for immigrants to live. Her mind-set is to go back home and reunite with her family. She is a worker and explained that her wages are the same as other Italians; however, she doesn’t have the same benefits (pension, vacation, etc.). She also has no interest in becoming an Italian citizen. The stories that I have heard are all unique and though they share similar stories they are very different as well. Their experiences have shaped their perspective on life and in a way their goals. The ramifications that arise due to current Italian laws on immigration, as discussed in class, and lack of human right protection impacts the kind of life an immigrant can aspire to. And as reinforced by lectures laws on human rights exist in theory but are not applied in practice. So where does the law place these people? Why does the law choose for people?  These three particular stories have reinforced the idea that we need to pay attention to people’s needs and not what we think they need.

Further, I would like to ask the question: what does this situation suggest about Italy amd youth in general? What are the implications of my findings? And, how do we become catalysts of change by broadening individuals perspective and possibly tolerance towards differences?

Assignment #2: Roman and Italian Identity

The role of an individual, depending on one’s ‘race’ and gender and within one’s cultural and ethnic settings helps to establish ones’ personal and social identity and so one has inherent common characteristics. To capture the definition of identity; one must explore the differences, similarities and links between ethnicity, ‘race’, culture and gender. In Italy, race and ethnicity are factors that influence immigration to other states (Manka’s lecture). To discuss what makes Roman and Italian identity; migration theory and translational theory is one outlook to observe forces that form identity.

To better understand Roman and Italian identity and current issues of ‘others’ vs. ‘real Italians’ it’s beneficial to review the foundation and history of Italy. Race and Nation in Liberal Italy, 1861-1911 Meriodionalism, Empire, and Diaspora by Aliza S. Wong discusses 3 main aspects that have shaped the current divide of the North and South. First, the historical construction of the North vs. South has defined the National identity of Italy. Risogimento – process of unification and the means of how to get there where influenced by Cavour vs. Garibaldi – liberating vs. conquering the South.  Such ideologies created residual effect of where Northerners perceived Southerners to be racially inferior. Such feelings of superiority lead to the formation of stereotypes; where biological characteristics such as skin color, height, class parallel criminals. After the unification of the North and South; residual mixed feelings surfaced. The North was perceived to be upper class and superior; whereas, the South were seen as the real Italians, inferior (violent, uneducated, illiterate). Unresolved tensions between the North and South were heightened by emigration and formation of smaller colonies; the colonization of Africa (Libya, Ethiopia, and Eretria) leads to a wave of immigration into Italy. Control of influx and outflow of immigration is influenced by race and ethnicity – ‘ethnic mode.’

Further, Grillo and Pratt discuss the politics of difference (how you handle recognition), politics of recognition (recognition by the state), and politics of identity (how you represent yourself and how one is talked about in society) as crucial factors that influence identity. Hence, not only is an individual’s identity shaped by himself; but by the state and society. This intertwining of terms shape and define an individual’s identity but also leaves room for interpretation and preconceived notions to take part in the equation. How you/state view/identify me; may be similar or different to my view/identity of myself. This leads to changing and fluid definition of identity and Italian identity – what makes a real Italian? From whose perspective? From which lens? are we going to look in order to define Roman and Italian identity. Whom speaks for whom?

The book, Clash of civilization over an elevator in Piazza Vittorio by Amara Lakhous exemplifies preconceived notions of Italian citizens imposed on an immigrant and their confusion as to what makes a ‘real Italian’. This struggle of defining identity is exemplified by Benedetta Eposito version of the truth, “if Signor Amedeo is a foreigner… then who’s a real Italian? (pg 34)  As it happens, Amedeo is a name given to this immigrant by Italian citizens; whose Italian skills and knowledge of Rome leads them to believe he is ‘a real Italian.’ Amedeo really Ahmed is confronted with a mix of identity; therefore he is confronted with questions like: “Who am I? Ahmed or Amedeo?” It’s not so simple of a question to answer. Am I this or the other? He captured the complexity of identity stating the “Arab proverb [which says]: You can’t fit two swords in a single sheath” (pg 29) answers such questions. Hence, it’s not so simple to define Roman and Italian identity. Rome is a city where people come from all over. Therefore, identity of Roman’s and Italian’s is vibrantly shaped by ‘others’ individual identity. Hence, to group all Roman’s and Italian’s with an all-encompassing general identity; would only rob and take away from the beauty of Rome. We (people born in Italy w/o Italian parents) are all Italians; we all have our own unique identity that creates current Italy. Through my own personal observation and conversations in class I have been led to believe that the myth of Italian and Roman homogeneity is no more; it is a country of heterogeneity.  

                                                 …the future is smiling…

bella roma

Before my flight to Rome I traveled to Mexico to visit my family. It was really great to see them for Christmas and New Years. I was especially thankful for being spoiled with my mom’s cooking. My mouth waters as I remember eating tameles, tortas, tostadas, tacos dorados y azados etc. My flight back to the States was a bit stressful since my bags were lost.  After ten hours of travel with layovers, this was the last thing I wanted to deal with. Thankfully, I received a call around midnight that my bags were found and was asked to go pick them up from the airport. After a couple of hours of sleep, it was time for me to unpack and pack again to prepare for my trip to Rome.

I recall arriving to the airport, to travel to Rome, with an unsettling feeling of “what did I just get myself into?” As I began to board the plane; I was reminded of the struggles faced by my parents when we settled to a new home in the United States. I was fortunate to learn English at a young age; however my family wasn’t – they only know Spanish till this day. I had forgotten of the privilege that comes along with knowing another countries national language. Once on land, a simple thing like, hailing a taxi felt like the most impossible of tasks to accomplish. I spent the remainder of the week exploring and becoming familiar with the surrounding of UW Rome center. I realized that Rome is a walking city and the cobble stones in the ground just add to Rome’s beauty; with or without pain in the palms of your feet. My general impression of the citizens of Rome is that they tend to be out late at night for dinner; which is afterwards greeted with a walk underneath the night-blue sky decorated with the stars. Whether; one explores Rome during the day or late at night – leading to early morning, Roma es bella. In my opinion, youth back home and in Rome tend to be out roaming the streets late at night. However, a difference that I have noticed is that youth tend to gather outside of bars and restaurants late at night; which is rarely seen back home.

For now this is all.  There is more to explore, many more places to see, more food to eat, and more formagio.

Ciao,

Say formagio